For my students who need reference.
I. EXTERNAL PARTS (I/O Ports)
1. PS/2 Port for Mouse
2. PS/2 Port for Keyboard
3. Serial Port
4. Parallel Port
5. Game Port
6. VGA Port
7. DVI
8. HDMI
9. S-Video
10. USB Port
11. FireWire
12. Thunderbolt
13. Ethernet LAN Port (RJ45)
14. Modem (RJ11)
15. Microphone Jack
16. Line-In Jack
17. Speaker Jack
II. INTERNAL PARTS
1. CPU Holder
2. Memory Holder
3. IDE Controller for Hard Disk Drive and Optical Disk Drive
4. IDE Controller for Floppy Disk Drive
5. SATA Connector
6. Chipset
a. North Bridge
b. South Bridge
7. CMOS or BIOS Chip
8. CMOS Battery
9. AGP Slot (Accelerated Graphics Port)
10. PCI Slot (Pheripheral Component Interconnect)
11. ISA ( Industry Standard Architecture)
12. AMR (Audio Modem Riser)
13. CNR (Communications Network Riser)
14. CPU Fan Header
15. Case Fan Header
16. Power Supply Connector
17. 12V Power Supply Connector
18. Auxiliary-in (CD-in)
Descriptions:
I. EXTERNAL PARTS (I/O Ports)
1. PS/2 Port for Mouse
2. PS/2 Port for Keyboard
>> The PS/2 connector is a 6-pin Mini-DIN connector used for connecting some keyboards and mice to a PC compatible computer system. Its name comes from the IBM Personal System/2 series of personal computers, with which it was introduced in 1987.
Prior to 2010, the most commonly used
connection for keyboards and mice to a PC compatible computer
system. Its name comes from the
IBM
Personal System/2 series of personal computers, which replaced
the even older 5-pin
DIN connector for an AT
keyboard. Some newer PCs may have a single combo PS/2 port
that is half purple and half green. If present, these combo ports
can accept either a PS/2 keyboard OR mouse. In any configuration,
these ports carry a small electrical charge and the PC should be
completely powered off before (un)plugging anything from/into
them.
3. Serial Port
While such interfaces as
Ethernet,
FireWire, and
USB all send data as a serial
stream, the term "serial port" usually identifies hardware more or less compliant to the
RS-232 standard, intended to interface with a
modem or with a similar communication device.
Modern computers without serial ports may require serial-to-USB
converters to allow compatibility with RS 232 serial devices. Serial
ports are still used in applications such as industrial automation
systems, scientific instruments,
point of sale systems and some industrial and consumer products.
Server
computers may use a serial port as a control console for diagnostics.
Network equipment (such as routers and switches) often use serial
console for configuration. Serial ports are still used in these areas as
they are simple, cheap and their console functions are highly
standardized and widespread. A serial port requires very little
supporting software from the host system.
4. Parallel Port or Printer Port
>> A
Parallel Port is a type of interface found on
computers (
personal and otherwise) for connecting peripherals. In
computing, a parallel port is a
parallel communication physical interface. It is also known as a printer port or
Centronics port. It was an industry
de facto standard for many years, and was finally standardized as
IEEE 1284
in the late 1990s, which defined a bi-directional version of the port.
Today, the parallel port interface is seeing decreasing use because of
the rise of
Universal Serial Bus (USB) devices, along with network printing using
Ethernet.
The parallel port interface was originally known as the Parallel Printer Adapter on
IBM PC-compatible computers. It was primarily designed to operate a
line printer that used
IBM's 8-bit
extended ASCII character set
to print text, but could also be used to adapt other peripherals.
Graphical printers, along with a host of other devices, have been
designed to communicate with the system.
5. Game Port
>> The traditional connector for video game input
devices on
x86-based PCs.
6. VGA Port
>> Acronym for Video
Graphic Array. The most common
connection for external monitors, but not necessarily the most
preferred as it carries an analog signal.
7. DVI
>> Digital
Video Interface is a video
interface standard designed to provide very high visual quality on
digital display devices such as flat panel LCD computer displays
and digital projectors. Contrary to popular belief, it is possible
to carry audio over a DVI connection provided both terminations
support audio and they are connected via a 24+1 DVI (or DVI to
HDMI) cable.
>> Mini-DVI:
This connector is used on Apple computers as a digital alternative
to the
Mini-VGA
connector
>> Micro-DVI:
This port is a video connection port used by some Apple MacBook
Air laptop computers produced between January-October 2008
8. HDMI
>> High Definition
Multimedia Interface is a
compact audio/video interface for transmitting uncompressed
digital data. HDMI (currently at revision
1.4) is required for the complete transmission of audio
streams exceeding 5.1 channels.
9. S-Video
>> Separate Video (not Super Video)
carries the video data as two separate signals, lumen
(luminance) and chroma (color)
10. USB Port
>> USB-A: This kind of plug is
most frequently seen on cables that are permanently attached to a
device, such as one on a cable that connects a keyboard or mouse
to the computer.
>> USB-B: Typically plugs into
an upstream receptacle on a device that uses a removable cable,
e.g. a printer.
>> Mini-A & Mini-B: Mini-A
is now deprecated, but both these plugs are plugs are
approximately 3 by 7 mm. These are used in PDAs, mobile phone
and cameras.
>> Micro-B:
Micro plugs have a similar width as the Mini’s but approximately
half the thickness. These enable integration into thinner portable
devices.
>> Micro-AB:
This receptacle is capable of accepting either a Micro-A plug or a
Micro-B plug
11. FireWire
>> Firewire
400MB/s: Can transfer data between devices at 100,
200, or 400 Mbit/s
half-duplex
data rates
>> Firewire 800Mb/s: Can
transfer data at a rate of 786.432 Mbit/s
full-duplex
12. Thunderbolt
>> Thunderbolt (codenamed
Light Peak) is a
hardware interface that allows for the connection of external
peripherals to a computer. It uses the same
connector as
Mini DisplayPort (MDP). It was released in its finished state on February 24, 2011. Thunderbolt combines
PCI Express (PCIe) and
DisplayPort (DP) into one
serial signal alongside a
DC connection
for electric power, transmitted over one cable. Up to six peripherals
may be supported by one connector through various topologies. Data transfer rate speed of Thunderbolt is 10GB/s, double the speed of USB 3.0.
13. Ethernet LAN Port (RJ45)
>> Most people
consider this their network jack, internet connection or hardline.
10/100 (or
Fast
Ethernet, which replaced 10BASET/2/5)
is slowly being replaced by 1000Mbit/s or Gigabit
(GbE) ports. Technically, these ports are properly known as
8P8C (8 Position 8 Contact.) These ports are typically used to
connect twisted
pair (more commonly referred to as Cat5e)
cable (or we could just say, "Plug in a network cable that gets
you onto the internet").
14. Modem (RJ11)
>> A physical
interface often used for terminating telephone wires. Once
standard issue with every desktop PC and laptop, new computers
will often be without a modem/RJ-11 port unless specifically
ordered that way.
15. Microphone Jack
>> Connection for Microphones
16. Line-In Jack
>> Connection for instruments or devices that produces music or sound
17. Speaker Jack or Line Out Jack
>> Connection for Earphones, Headsets and Speakers
18. S/PDIF
>> Sony/Phillips
Digital Interconnect
Format. More commonly referred to as an optical
interface, and uses a TOSlink
cable. The digital signal is limited to 5.1 Dolby Digital
and/or DTS streams and cannot carry the additional audio streams
found on Blu-Ray (in other words, 7.1 would be downmixed to 5.1
over S/PDIF).
II. INTERNAL PARTS
1. CPU Socket
Socket Types
° PGA
° LGA
A note in History: (CPU Holder Slot type)
Early designs of motherboard has a different CPU holder back then. This was called a Slot Type. looks like a Memory holder and a CPU resembles a shape of a RAM today.
2. RAM Slot
>> A
memory slot,
memory socket, or
RAM slot is what allows computer memory (RAM) to be inserted into the computer. Depending on the motherboard, there may be 2 to 4
memory slots
(sometimes more on high-end motherboards) and are what determine the
type of RAM used with the computer. The most common types of RAM are SDRAM and DDR for desktop computers and SODIMM for laptop
computers, each having various types and speeds. In the picture below,
is an example of what memory slots may look like inside a desktop
computer. In this picture, there are three open available slots for
three memory sticks.
When buying a new computer or motherboard, pay close attention to the
types of RAM the memory slots, so you are familiar with what type of RAM
to buy for your computer. It is also important to note how many
available memory slots are available in your computer. It is not
uncommon for some computers to have all memory slots occupied, which
means if you wanted to upgrade your computer memory some or all of the
memory currently installed would need to be removed first.
3. IDE Controller for Hard Disk Drive and Optical Disk Drive
>> Connects to old Hard Disk Dives and Optical Disk Drives that uses IDE Cable or PATA Cables. New HDDs and ODDs uses now a faster and slimmer SATA cable and port.
Connects
to older hard drive disks and optical drives for data transfer. - See
more at:
http://www.buildcomputers.net/motherboard-components.html#sthash.50ZclbmY.dpuf
Connects
to older hard drive disks and optical drives for data transfer. - See
more at:
http://www.buildcomputers.net/motherboard-components.html#sthash.50ZclbmY.dpuf
4. IDE Controller for Floppy Disk Drive
>> Smaller than the IDE Controller for HDDs is used for Floppy Disk drives. Cables used for this has a twist in the cable as a distinguishing mark for easy reference.
5. SATA Connector
a. V1
b. V2
c. V3
6. Chipset
a. North Bridge
b. South Bridge
7. CMOS or BIOS Chip
8. CMOS Battery
- Battery used for motherboards are CR2032
9. AGP Slot (Accelerated Graphics Port)
- old slot version for video cards.
10. PCI Slot (Peripheral Component Interconnect)
a. PCI
b. PCIe
c. PCIX
11. ISA ( Industry Standard Architecture)
12. AMR (Audio Modem Riser)
13. CNR (Communications Network Riser)
14. Fan Headers
15. ATX Power Connector
16. 12V Power Supply Connector
17. Auxiliary-in (CD-in)
References:
http://www.fusion-design.us/faq4.html
http://www.computerhope.com
http://en.wikipedia.org
